two-associate design

1) дизайн; конструкция

2) замысел, план; проект, проектное решение

3) конструирование; проектирование || конструировать; проектировать

4) конструкция

5) рисунок, эскиз, набросок || делать рисунок, эскиз, набросок

6) составлять план

7) чертёж

8) расчёт || рассчитывать

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- absolutely minimal design

- accurate design

- admissible design

- affine design

- affine resovable design

- alternate design

- asymmetric design

- asymptotic sequential design

- asymptotically locally optimal design

- balanced incomplete block design

- balanced orthogonal design

- biased design

- binary design

- breadboard design

- central composite design

- changeover design

- civil-engineering design

- combinatorial design

- complementary design

- complete design

- complete factorial design

- completely confounded design

- completely crossed design

- completely hierarchical design

- completely randomized design

- confounded design

- connected designs

- crossed design

- cube-plus-octahedron rotatable design

- cubic lattice design

- cuboidal design

- cut-and-try design

- cyclic design

- cylindrically rotatable design

- design of statistical inquiry

- design of type face

- disconnected design

- discriminating design

- double-buttion design

- doubly balanced design

- doubly overlap design

- elementary design

- equilateral triangle design

- equireplicated designs

- first-order design

- fractional factorial design

- fractional nested design

- fractional weighing design

- fractionally replicated design

- generalized chain block design

- generally balanced design

- geometrical design

- group divisible design

- half-factorial design

- half-replicated design

- hexagonal design

- hierarchical design

- hypercubic design

- ice-gouging design

- icosahedral design

- incomplete split plot design

- intragroup balanced design

- isomorphic block designs

- landscape design

- lattice design

- linked-block design

- magic design

- minimal design

- minimax design

- mixed design

- multiply balanced design

- multiresponse design

- multivariate design

- noncentral composite design

- nonfactorial design

- nonorthogonal design

- nonrotatable design

- nonsaturated design

- nonsymmetrical design

- one-factor-at-a-time design

- one-stage design

- orthogonal composite design

- paired-comparison design

- pairwise-balanced designs

- partially balanced design

- partially confounded design

- partially duplicated design

- pentagonal design

- permutable design

- pseudotriangular design

- purely hierarchical design

- quasifactorial design

- quasioptimal design

- quasiorthogonal designs

- quasiresidual design

- quasisymmetrical design

- radial centroid design

- radial lattice design

- randomized design

- regular design

- replicated nested design

- response surface design

- right-angular design

- roll pass design

- row-and-column design

- screening design

- second-order design

- self-corrective design

- semibalanced design

- semiregular design

- sequential design

- simplex design

- simplex-centroid design

- simplex-lattice design

- simplex-symmetric design

- simplified design

- singly-linked block design

- singular design

- six-point design

- smooth design

- spherical design

- split-plot design

- split-split-plot design

- square design

- staircase design

- standard design

- steepest ascent design

- strongly regular incomplete multiresponse design

- supersaturated design

- survey design

- switch-back design

- system design

- tetrahedral design

- three-factor design

- totally confounded design

- tournamental design

- transversal design

- tri-factorial design

- truncated design

- two-associate design

- two-stage design

- typographic design

- ultimate load design

- unbalanced design

- unbiased design

- unconventional design

- unit-type design

- unreduced design

- unsymmetrical design

- variance-balanced design

- wallpaper design

- weighed design

- weighing design

SUBJECT AREA: Aerospace, Weapons and armour

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He was the eldest of twelve children and his father was a journeyman carpenter, in whose footsteps Camm followed as an apprentice woodworker. He developed an early interest in aircraft, becoming a keen model maker in his early teens and taking a major role in founding a local society to this end, and in 1912 he designed and built a glider able to carry people. During the First World War he worked as a draughtsman for the aircraft firm Martinsyde, but became increasingly involved in design matters as the war progressed. In 1923 Camm was recruited by Sopwith to join his Hawker Engineering Company as Senior Draughtsman, but within two years had risen to be Chief Designer. His first important contribution was to develop a method of producing metal aircraft, using welded steel tubes, and in 1926 he designed his first significant aircraft, the Hawker Horsley torpedo-bomber, which briefly held the world long-distance record before it was snatched by Charles Lindbergh in his epic New York-Paris flight in 1927. His Hawker Hart light bomber followed in 1928, after which came his Hawker Fury fighter.

By the mid-1930s Camm's reputation as a designer was such that he was able to wield significant influence on the Air Ministry when Royal Air Force (RAF) aircraft specifications were being drawn up. His outstanding contribution came, however, with the unveiling of his Hawker Hurricane in 1935. This single-seater fighter was to prove one of the backbones of the RAF during 1939–45, but during the war he also designed two other excellent fighters: the Tempest and the Typhoon. After the Second World War Camm turned to jet aircraft, producing in 1951 the Hawker Hunter fighter/ground-attack aircraft, which saw lengthy service in the RAF and many other air forces. His most revolutionary contribution was the design of the Harrier jump-jet, beginning with the P.1127 prototype in 1961, followed by the Kestrel three years later. These were private ventures, but eventually the Government saw the enormous merit in the vertical take-off and landing concept, and the Harrier came to fruition in 1967. Sadly Camm, who was on the Board of Sopwith Hawker Siddeley Group, died before the aircraft came into service. He is permanently commemorated in the Camm Memorial Hall at the RAF Museum, Hendon, London.

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SUBJECT AREA: Ports and shipping

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From 1844 until 1962, the Clyde shipyard of William Denny and Brothers, Dumbarton, produced over 1,500 ships, trained innumerable students of all nationalities in shipbuilding and marine engineering, and for the seventy-plus years of their existence were accepted worldwide as the leaders in the application of science to ship design and construction. Until the closure of the yard members of the Denny family were among the partners and later directors of the firm: they included men as distinguished as Dr Peter Denny (1821(?)–95), Sir Archibald Denny (1860–1936) and Sir Maurice Denny (1886– 1955), the main collaborator in the design of the Denny-Brown ship stabilizer.

One of the most influential of this shipbuilding family was William Denny, now referred to as William 3! His early education was at Dumbarton, then on Jersey and finally at the Royal High School, Edinburgh, before he commenced an apprenticeship at his father's shipyard. From the outset he not only showed great aptitude for learning and hard work but also displayed an ability to create good relationships with all he came into contact with. At the early age of 21 he was admitted a partner of the shipbuilding business of William Denny and Brothers, and some years later also of the associated engineering firm of Denny \& Co. His deep-felt interest in what is now known as industrial relations led him in 1871 to set up a piecework system of payment in the shipyard. In this he was helped by the Yard Manager, Richard Ramage, who later was to found the Leith shipyard, which produced the world's most elegant steam yachts. This research was published later as a pamphlet called The Worth of Wages, an unusual and forward-looking action for the 1860s, when Denny maintained that an absentee employer should earn as much contempt and disapproval as an absentee landlord! In 1880 he initiated an awards scheme for all company employees, with grants and awards for inventions and production improvements. William Denny was not slow to impose new methods and to research naval architecture, a special interest being progressive ship trials with a view to predicting effective horsepower. In time this led to his proposal to the partners to build a ship model testing tank beside the Dumbarton shipyard; this scheme was completed in 1883 and was to the third in the world (after the Admiralty tank at Torquay, managed by William Froude and the Royal Netherlands Navy facility at Amsterdam, under B.J. Tideman. In 1876 the Denny Shipyard started work with mild-quality shipbuilding steel on hulls for the Irrawaddy Flotilla Company, and in 1879 the world's first two ships of any size using this weight-saving material were produced: they were the Rotomahana for the Union Steamship Company of New Zealand and the Buenos Ayrean for the Allan Line of Glasgow. On the naval-architecture side he was involved in Denny's proposals for standard cross curves of stability for all ships, which had far-reaching effects and are now accepted worldwide. He served on the committee working on improvements to the Load Line regulations and many other similar public bodies. After a severe bout of typhoid and an almost unacceptable burden of work, he left the United Kingdom for South America in June 1886 to attend to business with La Platense Flotilla Company, an associate company of William Denny and Brothers. In March the following year, while in Buenos Aires, he died by his own hand, a death that caused great and genuine sadness in the West of Scotland and elsewhere.

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SUBJECT AREA: Aerospace

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During the First World War, Marcel Bloch (he later changed his name to Dassault) worked on French military aircraft and developed a very successful propeller. With his associate, Henri Potez, he set up a company to produce their Eclair wooden propeller in a furniture workshop in Paris. In 1917 they produced a two-seater aircraft which was ordered but then cancelled when the war ended. Potez continued to built aircraft under his own name, but Bloch turned to property speculation, at which he was very successful. In 1930 Bloch returned to the aviation business with an unsuccessful bomber followed by several moderately effective airliners, including the Bloch 220 of 1935, which was similar to the DC-3. He was involved in the design of a four-engined airliner, the SNCASE Languedoc, which flew in September 1939. During the Second World War, Bloch and his brothers became important figures in the French Resistance Movement. Marcel Bloch was eventually captured but survived; however, one of his brothers was executed, and after the war Bloch changed his name to Dassault, which had been his brother's code name in the Resistance. During the 1950s, Avions Marcel Dassault rapidly grew to become Europe's foremost producer of jet fighters. The Ouragon was followed by the Mystère, Etendard and then the outstanding Mirage series. The basic delta-winged Mirage III, with a speed of Mach 2, was soon serving in twenty countries around the world. From this evolved a variable geometry version, a vertical-take-off aircraft, an enlarged light bomber capable of carrying a nuclear bomb, and a swept-wing version for the 1970s. Dassault also produced a successful series of jet airliners starting with the Fan Jet Falcon of 1963. When the Dassault and Breguet companies merged in 1971, Marcel Dassault was still a force to be reckoned with.

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SUBJECT AREA: Ports and shipping

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After graduating from the Naval School Popoff served in the Russian Navy, ultimately commanding the cruiser Meteor. During the Crimean War he was Captain of a steamship and was later Manager of Artillery Supplies at Sevastopol. At the conclusion of the war he was appointed to supervise the construction of all steamships and so started his real career in naval procurement. For the best part of thirty years he oversaw the Russian naval building programme, producing many new ships at St Petersburg. Probably the finest was the battleship Petr Veliki (Peter the Great), of 9,000 tons displacement, built at Galernii Island in 1869. With some major refits the ship remained in the fleet until 1922. Two remarkable ships were produced at St Petersburg, the Novgorod and the Vice Admiral Popoff in 1874 and 1876, respectively. Their hull form was almost circular in the hope of creating stable and steady gun platforms and to lessen the required depth of water for their duties as defence ships in the shallow waters of the Black Sea and the Sea of Azov. Despite support for the idea from Sir Edward Reed of the Royal Navy, the designs failed owing to unpleasant oscillations and poor manoeuvring qualities. One further attempt was made to find a successful outcome to this good idea in the construction of the Russian Imperial Yacht Livadia at Elder's Glasgow shipyard in 1880: for many reasons the Livadia never fulfilled her purpose. Despite their great advantages, the age of the Popoffkas was over. Popoff had a remarkable effect on Russian shipbuilding and warship design. He had authority, and used it wisely at a time when the Russian shipbuilding industry was developing quickly.

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AK / FMW